Abaya Rules for Tourists: What Changed and What Did Not
Tourists visiting Saudi Arabia are no longer required by law to wear the traditional abaya (a loose black cloak) in public, but modest dress is still expected in most settings. While the rules have eased, understanding what is and is not required helps travelers avoid misunderstandings and ensures a comfortable, respectful visit.
Key Takeaways
- The abaya is no longer legally required for foreign women, but modest clothing covering shoulders and knees remains the norm in public spaces.
- Expectations are stricter in smaller cities and religious sites than in cosmopolitan hubs like Riyadh or Jeddah.
- Men should also dress modestly; shorts above the knee and sleeveless tops are discouraged in public areas.
- During religious seasons and in places like Madinah, dress codes may be enforced more strictly.
- Alcohol is not available anywhere in Saudi Arabia, and conduct rules remain in place regardless of dress.
Understanding the Abaya: Tradition and Law
The abaya, a long, loose-fitting robe, has long symbolized modesty in Saudi Arabia. Until 2019, it was mandatory for all women—citizens, residents, and foreigners alike—to wear an abaya in public. This law was part of a broader legal framework governing public morality and dress. However, with the launch of the Saudi eVisa and the country’s push to welcome international tourists, the government announced that foreign women are not legally required to wear an abaya. Instead, the emphasis is on "modest" dress, a term that can be interpreted differently depending on the setting.
For a detailed breakdown of clothing expectations for women, including specific examples of what is considered modest, see what women should actually wear in Saudi Arabia.
What "Modest Dress" Means in Practice
Though the abaya is optional for tourists, Saudi Arabia still expects both women and men to dress conservatively. For women, this typically means loose-fitting clothing that covers shoulders, chest, and knees. Trousers, ankle-length skirts, and long-sleeved tops are widely accepted. Headscarves are not required except when entering mosques or certain religious sites. Men should avoid shorts above the knee and sleeveless shirts. Swimwear is acceptable only at private hotel pools or beaches designated for foreigners. While enforcement is less strict in major cities, dressing modestly is a sign of respect and helps travelers blend in.
For those interested in the broader context of cultural expectations, the Cultural journeys category offers insight into local customs and etiquette.
Where the Rules Are Stricter: Religious Sites and Small Towns
Dress codes are enforced more strictly in and around religious sites and in conservative regions. In Madinah, for example, non-Muslims may visit certain areas but are not permitted in the central mosque district. Even outside this zone, modest dress is expected, and women may feel more comfortable wearing an abaya or at least a long coat. In smaller towns and rural areas, local attitudes may be more conservative than in cities. In these places, female tourists may choose to wear an abaya or similar garment to avoid unwanted attention, even if it is not legally required.
For more on what to expect in Madinah and how to navigate its unique rules, see the Madinah visitor guide.
Abayas for Sale, Rent, or Borrow: Practical Options
Tourists will notice abayas for sale in malls, markets, and even airports. Some hotels catering to international guests offer abayas to borrow for mosque visits or excursions to more conservative areas. Prices vary widely depending on material and style; simple abayas can be inexpensive, while designer versions cost much more. Renting is rare, but purchasing a basic abaya is easy and can be a practical solution for day trips to places where expectations are higher. Many visitors find wearing an abaya in certain settings more comfortable, as it helps avoid stares and blends in with local women.
For those planning to explore historical sites where traditional dress may be appreciated, such as Diriyah, having an abaya on hand can be useful.
Dress Codes for Men: What Changed and What Did Not
While most attention focuses on women’s clothing, men are also subject to modesty expectations. Shorts above the knee and sleeveless shirts are discouraged in public, especially in traditional neighborhoods and religious sites. In tourist-heavy areas, such as the Corniche in Jeddah or luxury resorts, the rules are more relaxed, but conservative dress is still the safest choice. Men are not required to wear the thobe (the traditional long robe), but many opt for long trousers and collared shirts. This standard has not changed with the new tourism policies.
For a deeper look at how dress codes fit into Saudi social customs, the Historical journeys category provides background on tradition and change.
Visiting During Hajj and Religious Holidays
Saudi Arabia’s busiest religious period is the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Makkah, which non-Muslims are not permitted to attend or enter the holy city for. During Hajj and the fasting month of Ramadan, dress codes and general conduct are enforced more strictly nationwide. Even in cosmopolitan cities, tourists may find increased scrutiny of attire, and businesses may close or reduce hours during prayer times. Planning your visit outside these periods can make for a smoother experience, especially for those unfamiliar with local customs.
For guidance on how Hajj season affects travel plans and what to expect, see this article on planning around Hajj.
Dress and Conduct: Beyond the Abaya
Dress is only one aspect of public conduct in Saudi Arabia. Displays of affection, loud public behavior, and offensive language are frowned upon. Alcohol is strictly prohibited throughout the country, and penalties for possession or consumption are severe. During prayer times, many shops and restaurants close for 20–30 minutes, and it is respectful to avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours in Ramadan. Following these customs is as important as dressing appropriately.
For travelers interested in exploring the intersection of history and modernity in Saudi cities, the Riyadh, AlUla, Madinah, Jeddah group tour offers a structured way to experience both traditional and contemporary Saudi society.
Exploring Saudi Arabia’s Sites: What to Wear Where
Dress expectations can vary depending on the region and the type of site you are visiting. In heritage areas like AlUla Old Town, where tourism is actively encouraged, visitors will see a mix of Saudi and international styles, but modesty is still expected. In contrast, large cities like Riyadh and Jeddah have cosmopolitan districts where a more relaxed approach is common, though revealing outfits are still discouraged. Always check in advance if a site has specific dress requirements, especially for mosque visits or rural excursions.
If you are planning a day trip to heritage sites, consider the AlUla Old Town and Aljadidah tour for an example of what to expect and how to prepare.
Shopping for Abayas and Modest Clothing
Major shopping malls in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam offer a range of abayas, from simple and affordable to high-end designer versions. International brands now produce abayas in lighter fabrics and modern styles to appeal to younger Saudis and tourists. Markets (souqs) in cities like Al Khobar and Abha also sell abayas, often at lower prices. For those not wishing to purchase an abaya, long cardigans, tunics, or lightweight coats paired with trousers are widely accepted. Men will find that long trousers and collared shirts are widely available at international retailers.
Travelers interested in combining shopping with cultural exploration may enjoy the guide to visiting Dadan, where local styles and crafts are part of the experience.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Do foreign women have to wear an abaya in Saudi Arabia?
No, foreign women are not required by law to wear an abaya, but modest dress covering shoulders and knees is still expected in public places. - Are headscarves mandatory for non-Muslim tourists?
Headscarves are not required for non-Muslim tourists except when entering mosques or certain religious sites, where they may be provided at the entrance. - Can men wear shorts in public in Saudi Arabia?
Men should avoid wearing shorts above the knee in public areas, as this is considered immodest in most settings; long trousers are preferred. - What should I wear when visiting religious sites?
Both men and women should wear loose-fitting clothing that covers arms and legs. Women may be asked to wear an abaya and headscarf, which are sometimes provided at the entrance. - Is the dress code enforced in hotels or private resorts?
Hotels and private resorts often have more relaxed dress codes, especially in international chains, but modest swimwear is still required in shared spaces. - Are there penalties for not following the dress code?
While legal penalties are rare for tourists, failing to dress modestly may result in being denied entry to certain sites or being asked to change by security staff.
Saudi Arabia’s dress code is evolving, but a respectful approach to clothing remains key to a smooth and enjoyable visit. With a little preparation and cultural awareness, travelers can explore the country’s rich history and vibrant cities with confidence.