What Women Should Actually Wear in Saudi Arabia

Women visiting Saudi Arabia are expected to dress modestly, but the rules are now more relaxed than most older guides suggest. Non-Saudi women do not have to wear an abaya (a loose robe) or cover their hair, except in religious sites, but clothing should still be loose-fitting, cover the shoulders and knees, and avoid being see-through. Packing for Saudi Arabia means balancing cultural respect, comfort in the heat, and practical needs for each region and activity.

Key Takeaways

  • Non-Saudi women are not required by law to wear an abaya or cover their hair in public, except in mosques and certain religious areas.
  • Modest, loose-fitting clothing that covers shoulders and knees is expected in all public places, including malls, museums, and restaurants.
  • Makkah and the central area of Madinah are closed to non-Muslims; only Muslim women may enter these areas and must follow stricter dress codes.
  • Dress codes are more relaxed on private beaches, in hotel pools, and during some adventure activities, but public modesty is still required when traveling to and from these locations.
  • During Ramadan and religious holidays, expectations around dress and conduct may be heightened; check local guidance if visiting during these times.

Understanding the Current Dress Code: What Has Changed?

Until 2019, all women in Saudi Arabia, including foreigners, were legally required to wear the abaya in public. Today, the national law no longer mandates the abaya for non-Saudi women, though many local women still choose to wear it. Instead, the government expects “modest dress,” which means loose-fitting clothes that cover shoulders, arms, and legs. Headscarves are not required for non-Muslim women except when entering mosques or religious sites. This shift reflects Saudi Arabia’s changing approach to tourism and modernization, but social expectations remain conservative, especially in smaller cities and rural areas. In major cities like Riyadh and Jeddah, you will see a mix of styles, with some women in abayas and others in long skirts, trousers, and tunics.

For a detailed look at how these expectations apply to both men and women, see this guide to Saudi Arabia Dress Code for Visitors.

What to Pack: Essentials for Every Region

Packing for Saudi Arabia depends on where and when you’re visiting. In cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam, light, breathable fabrics are best due to high temperatures, but air conditioning indoors can be strong—so bring a light cardigan or shawl. For northern regions such as Tabuk or AlUla in winter, you’ll need a warm layer for cool evenings. In the Empty Quarter (Rub’ al Khali) or during desert excursions, sun protection is vital: a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and a scarf for dust or sand are smart additions. Always include at least one long-sleeved top and full-length trousers or a maxi skirt for visits to public places or religious sites. Avoid shorts, sleeveless tops, and anything sheer or tight-fitting. Footwear should be comfortable for walking, with closed-toe shoes recommended for dusty or rocky areas.

If you’re planning outdoor or adventure activities, check the requirements for specific tours in the Adventure category.

City vs. Rural: How Dress Expectations Vary

Saudi Arabia’s cities are more cosmopolitan and tolerant of varied dress styles, especially in international hotels, upscale restaurants, and shopping malls. In Riyadh and Jeddah, you’ll see local women in both traditional abayas and modern, modest outfits. However, in smaller towns or rural regions such as Asir or Al-Jouf, social norms are more conservative, and foreign women may feel more comfortable blending in by wearing an abaya or at least a long, loose outer layer. While you are unlikely to be challenged for wearing western-style modest clothing, dressing more conservatively in these areas is a sign of respect and can help avoid unwanted attention. In all regions, avoid clothing with offensive slogans or images.

For travelers interested in a balanced itinerary that includes both city and rural experiences, see the suggested route in A first week in Saudi Arabia.

Religious Sites and Special Zones: Where the Rules Are Stricter

While most of Saudi Arabia is open to non-Muslim visitors, the holy city of Makkah and the central area of Madinah remain strictly off-limits to non-Muslims. Muslim women visiting these areas must wear an abaya and cover their hair with a scarf. In other mosques and religious sites open to tourists, all women—regardless of religion—should wear a headscarf and loose, full-length clothing. Scarves are sometimes provided at entrances, but bringing your own is recommended. In Madinah, non-Muslims may visit certain outer districts but not the Prophet’s Mosque or its immediate surroundings. Always check local signage and follow the instructions of staff or guides. For museums and historical attractions, modest dress is expected, but a headscarf is not required unless specifically indicated.

One example of a cultural site with a clear dress expectation is the National Museum of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, where modest clothing is required for entry.

Hotels, Private Spaces, and Beaches: What’s Allowed?

International hotels and private resorts in Saudi Arabia often have their own dress codes, which can be less strict than public spaces. In hotel pools and private beaches, women may wear standard swimsuits, though a cover-up is needed when moving through public areas of the hotel. On public beaches, however, modest swimwear (such as a full-body swimsuit or “burkini”) is expected, and bikinis are not permitted. Private compounds and some high-end resorts may allow more relaxed attire, but always check the policy before arrival. For activities like Red Sea snorkeling or diving, tour operators will advise on appropriate swimwear—bring a modest swimsuit and a cover-up for travel to and from the site.

If you’re interested in water activities, see the options for Red Sea Snorkelling and check the dress requirements with your provider.

Seasonal Factors: Dressing for Weather and Events

Saudi Arabia’s climate is hot for much of the year, with summer temperatures in Riyadh and Jeddah frequently exceeding 40°C (104°F). Lightweight, loose, and light-colored fabrics are essential, but modesty still applies. In winter (December–February), evenings can be surprisingly cool, especially in the desert or northern regions—pack a warm jacket or sweater. During sandstorm season, which peaks in spring, it’s useful to have a scarf or shawl to cover your face and hair. Religious periods such as Ramadan and Eid bring changes in public expectations: dress codes may be more strictly observed, and it’s respectful to err on the side of extra modesty during these times. Always check the local weather forecast and event calendar before your trip.

For practical advice on coping with sandstorms, see Sandstorms in Saudi Arabia: When and What to Do.

Ramadan and Eid: Special Considerations for Women Travelers

During Ramadan, the holy month of fasting, and Eid, the festival that follows, Saudi society observes stricter codes of conduct and dress. While the legal requirements do not change, social expectations are heightened: women should wear especially modest clothing, avoid eating or drinking in public during daylight hours, and be mindful of increased sensitivity to public behavior. Some restaurants and attractions may close during the day or adjust their hours. It is also a time when public gatherings and religious events are common, so conservative dress helps visitors blend in and show respect. If you are unsure, it is always safer to dress more conservatively during these periods.

For more on what to expect during Ramadan, read Ramadan in Saudi Arabia: What Changes for Visitors, and for Eid, see Eid in Saudi Arabia: What to Expect as a Traveler.

Adventure Activities: Practical Modesty for the Outdoors

Saudi Arabia’s diverse landscapes offer hiking, desert safaris, rock climbing, and more. For these activities, women should wear practical, modest activewear: long-sleeved tops, full-length athletic trousers or leggings (not sheer), and a loose T-shirt or tunic. In remote areas or when visiting traditional villages, layering a long shirt or lightweight jacket over sportswear is recommended. Sun protection—such as a hat, sunglasses, and scarf—is essential. For water-based activities, a rash guard and modest swimsuit are suitable, but always bring a cover-up for travel to and from the site. Adventure operators are familiar with these requirements and can advise on what to bring for each excursion.

See more options for outdoor experiences in the Adventure category and for shorter trips in the Half Day tours collection.

Shopping for Modest Fashion in Saudi Arabia

Saudi cities offer excellent shopping for modest fashion, from traditional abayas to modern, stylish clothing that meets local expectations. Malls in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Khobar stock international brands with modest lines, as well as local designers who specialize in abayas, long dresses, and tunics. Prices range widely, so you’ll find options for every budget. Buying an abaya locally can be a practical souvenir and may make you feel more comfortable in conservative areas. Tailoring is also widely available for custom fits. Remember that even when shopping, dressing modestly is expected—avoid shorts, sleeveless tops, or revealing outfits inside malls and markets.

For a broader overview of the country’s attractions and shopping destinations, see Saudi Arabia.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Do women have to wear an abaya in Saudi Arabia?
    No, non-Saudi women are not legally required to wear an abaya in public, but modest, loose-fitting clothing that covers shoulders and knees is expected everywhere. Many women choose to wear an abaya for convenience and comfort.
  • Are headscarves mandatory for non-Muslim women?
    Headscarves are not required for non-Muslim women in most public spaces, but they are mandatory when entering mosques or religious sites. It is respectful to carry a scarf in your bag in case it is needed.
  • Can women wear swimsuits on Saudi beaches?
    On public beaches, only modest swimwear such as a burkini or full-body swimsuit is allowed. Standard swimsuits are acceptable at private hotel pools and some private beaches, but a cover-up is needed when moving through public areas.
  • What should women wear during Ramadan?
    During Ramadan, women should dress especially modestly, covering arms and legs fully, and avoid wearing anything tight or sheer. Social expectations are higher during this period, even though the law does not change.
  • Is it safe for women to wear western clothing in Saudi cities?
    Yes, as long as the clothing is modest and not revealing, western-style outfits such as long trousers, maxi skirts, and long-sleeved tops are common in cities like Riyadh and Jeddah. Avoid shorts, sleeveless tops, and low-cut garments.
  • What should women wear when visiting rural areas?
    In rural or conservative regions, it is advisable for women to wear an abaya or at least a long, loose outer layer over their clothes to respect local customs and avoid unwanted attention.

Saudi Arabia is opening up to travelers, and dressing thoughtfully is one of the best ways to show respect and enjoy your experience. Pack with confidence, check local guidance, and embrace the country’s evolving mix of tradition and modernity.